Environmental Policy https://batten.virginia.edu/ en Batten Showcase 2022: Environmental Inequality and Public Policy ft. Jay Shimshack https://batten.virginia.edu/about/news/batten-showcase-2022-environmental-inequality-and-public-policy-ft-jay-shimshack <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--news.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>Batten Showcase 2022: Environmental Inequality and Public Policy ft. Jay Shimshack</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--news.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/596" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">acarter</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--news.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>Tue, 10/04/2022 - 19:06</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relpersons--news.html.twig * field--node--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-relpersons"> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-person--related-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--related-person.html.twig * field--field-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="related-person__field-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--internal-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--internal-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--internal-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-internal-person--internal-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-internal-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--internal-person.html.twig * field--field-internal-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="internal-person__field-internal-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--776--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node--776.html.twig x node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node--person.html.twig * node--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/node/node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig' --> <article data-history-node-id="776" role="article" about="/people/jay-shimshack" class="person is-promoted related-content-teaser clearfix empty-menu col-sm-12"> <main class="content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 offset-md-1 image-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-preview-image--person.html.twig * field--node--field-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--person.html.twig * field--field-preview-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="person__field-preview-image"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/image/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/uva-batten-school/image/upload/v1568685913/Batten%20Website%20Master/2019-09/Jay_Shimshack_T.jpg" alt="Jay Shimshack" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/image/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 right-wrapper"> <div class="row"> <h4 class="col-sm-12 header-wrapper"> Jay Shimshack </h4> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-description--person.html.twig * field--node--field-description.html.twig * field--node--person.html.twig * field--field-description.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="person__field-description"><p>Jay Shimshack is a professor of public policy and economics at the Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy. Shimshack's research focuses on environmental regulation, environmental economics, corporate social behavior, and applied microeconomics for public policy. </p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 link-wrapper"> <a href="/people/jay-shimshack">Read full bio</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </article> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/node/node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-when--news.html.twig * field--node--field-when.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-when.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-when">SEP 28, 2022</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relfocus--news.html.twig * field--node--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-relfocus"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/61" hreflang="en">Environmental Policy</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-hidden-people--news.html.twig * field--node--field-hidden-people.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-hidden-people.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-hidden-people"> <div class="field__item">776</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-main-content--news.html.twig x field--node--field-main-content.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-main-content.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-main-content.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-main-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item wrapper-main-content row headline-paragraph-centered" data-mh="main-content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered--default.html.twig x paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--headline-paragraph-centered paragraph--view-mode--default col-sm-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-description--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-description.html.twig * field--paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--field-description.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="headline-paragraph-centered__field-description"><p>In this lecture, associate dean for academic affairs and professor of public policy and economics at the Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy, Jay Shimshack, probes the concept of environmental inequality - how it both shapes and is shaped by public policy.</p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 cta-wrapper"> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field--item wrapper-main-content row video" data-mh="main-content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--video--default.html.twig x paragraph--video.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--video.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--video paragraph--view-mode--default col-sm-12 col-md-8 offset-md-2"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 video-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-video--video.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-video.html.twig * field--paragraph--video.html.twig * field--field-video.html.twig * field--video-embed-field.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="video__field-video"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'container' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/container.html.twig' --> <div class="video-embed-field-provider-youtube video-embed-field-responsive-video form-group"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'video_embed_iframe__youtube' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * video-embed-iframe--youtube.html.twig x video-embed-iframe.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/video_embed_field/templates/video-embed-iframe.html.twig' --> <iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NMprvi6mTeE?autoplay=0&amp;start=0&amp;rel=0"></iframe> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/video_embed_field/templates/video-embed-iframe.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/container.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--video.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-main-content.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-news-type--news.html.twig * field--node--field-news-type.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-news-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__type"><a href="/taxonomy/term/821" hreflang="en">Batten Showcase Video Lecture Series</a></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig * field--node--field-social-media-share.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-social-media-share.html.twig * field--social-media.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-social-media-share field--type-social-media field--label-above field--item wrapper-main-content row"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'block' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * block--social-sharing-block.html.twig * block--social-media.html.twig x block.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> <div class="block"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'social_media_links' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/social_media/templates/social-media-links.html.twig' --> <div class="social-media-sharing"> <ul class=""> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="facebook-share share" href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;title=[current-pagrandome:title]&amp;image=[og:image]" title="Facebook"> <img alt="Facebook" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/facebook_share.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="linkedin share" href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;img&amp;title=[current-page:img]&amp;source=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed" title="Linkedin"> <img alt="Linkedin" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/linkedin.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="twitter share" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;via=UVABatten" title="Twitter"> <img alt="Twitter" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/twitter.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="pinterest share" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;description=" title="Pinterest"> <img alt="Pinterest" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/pinterest.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a class="email share" href="mailto:?subject=&amp;body=Check out this site https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed" title="Email"> <img alt="Email" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/email.svg"> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/social_media/templates/social-media-links.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig' --> Tue, 04 Oct 2022 23:06:24 +0000 acarter 26976 at https://batten.virginia.edu Shobe: Net-zero emissions by 2050 are achievable, affordable in Va. https://batten.virginia.edu/about/news/shobe-net-zero-emissions-2050-are-achievable-affordable-va <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--news.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>Shobe: Net-zero emissions by 2050 are achievable, affordable in Va.</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--news.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/201" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">etorr</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--news.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>Wed, 08/18/2021 - 08:19</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-website--news.html.twig * field--node--field-website.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-website.html.twig * field--link.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-website"><a href="https://www.pilotonline.com/opinion/columns/vp-ed-column-shobe-0815-20210814-jr2jwnjn4vd4jpswtbiq26mlsa-story.html">Read in The Virginian-Pilot</a></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relpersons--news.html.twig * field--node--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-relpersons"> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-person--related-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--related-person.html.twig * field--field-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="related-person__field-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--internal-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--internal-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--internal-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-internal-person--internal-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-internal-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--internal-person.html.twig * field--field-internal-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="internal-person__field-internal-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--771--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node--771.html.twig x node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node--person.html.twig * node--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/node/node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig' --> <article data-history-node-id="771" role="article" about="/people/william-shobe" class="person is-promoted related-content-teaser clearfix empty-menu col-sm-12"> <main class="content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 offset-md-1 image-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-preview-image--person.html.twig * field--node--field-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--person.html.twig * field--field-preview-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="person__field-preview-image"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/image/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/uva-batten-school/image/upload/v1568686019/Batten%20Website%20Master/2019-09/William_Shobe_T.jpg" width="400" height="300" alt="William Shobe" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/image/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 right-wrapper"> <div class="row"> <h4 class="col-sm-12 header-wrapper"> William Shobe </h4> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-description--person.html.twig * field--node--field-description.html.twig * field--node--person.html.twig * field--field-description.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="person__field-description"><p>William Shobe is research professor of public policy at the Batten School and the Director of the Center for Economic and Policy Studies at UVA’s Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service. Shobe's current research includes emission market and auction design, environmental federalism, improved economic modeling of Virginia’s economy, state economic development incentives and state economic forecasting.</p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 link-wrapper"> <a href="/people/william-shobe">Read full bio</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </article> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/node/node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-byline--news.html.twig * field--node--field-byline.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-byline.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-byline">William Shobe</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-when--news.html.twig * field--node--field-when.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-when.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-when">Aug 18, 2021</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relfocus--news.html.twig * field--node--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-relfocus"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/61" hreflang="en">Environmental Policy</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/46" hreflang="en">Domestic Policy &amp; Politics</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-hidden-people--news.html.twig * field--node--field-hidden-people.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-hidden-people.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-hidden-people"> <div class="field__item">771</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-main-content--news.html.twig x field--node--field-main-content.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-main-content.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-main-content.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-main-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item wrapper-main-content row headline-paragraph-centered" data-mh="main-content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered--default.html.twig x paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--headline-paragraph-centered paragraph--view-mode--default col-sm-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-description--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-description.html.twig * field--paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--field-description.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="headline-paragraph-centered__field-description"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'filter_caption' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/filter-caption.html.twig' --> <figure class="figure align-center"><img alt="A lump of coal sits between the railroad tracks where for decades it was delivered to generate electricity at the Yorktown Power station, where two coal powered steam turbines were shut down in 2019. (Rob Ostermaier)" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="a6cb54bd-86b1-41ad-9831-870f82dd6fc8" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/Shobe%20Virginian-Pilot.png" class="figure-img img-fluid" width="982" height="650" loading="lazy" /><figcaption class="figure-caption">A lump of coal sits between the railroad tracks where for decades it was delivered to generate electricity at the Yorktown Power station, where two coal powered steam turbines were shut down in 2019. (Rob Ostermaier)</figcaption></figure><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/filter-caption.html.twig' --><p>The International Energy Agency recently released a report that addressed how countries around the world can transition to net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. It found that governments can rapidly boost clean energy to create millions of jobs, lift economic growth, and keep net-zero in reach. Globally this is admittedly a tall order but reaching net-zero carbon emissions in Virginia by 2050 is well within reach.</p> <p>Earlier this year, my colleagues and I at the University of Virginia’s Energy Transition Initiative released a study that found that decarbonization in the commonwealth by 2050 is achievable and affordable.</p> <p>Eliminating greenhouse gas emissions will change how Virginia generates its electricity, heats its buildings, and powers its vehicles and factories. We can use renewables, energy storage and improved efficiency to reenergize Virginia’s economy as we help reduce the harmful effects of global warming.</p> <p>There are also ancillary benefits. The public health costs of fossil fuel use fall disproportionately on lower income families, so decarbonization can also enhance fairness of our energy economy. And a shift away from imported energy will increase local jobs.</p> <p>But moving away from fossil fuels requires careful planning and policy design. The Virginia Clean Economy Act, which became law in 2019, focused on reducing emissions from electricity generation, which accounts for about 30% of the state’s CO2 emissions. Transportation accounts for nearly half, with buildings and industry making up most of the remaining 20%. Getting to net zero requires reducing emissions from all of the above.</p> <p>Time is of the essence. A quicker start means lower long-run costs. Still, careful planning pays big dividends, and coordination among state and local agencies is essential.</p> <p>Decarbonization can lower net energy expenditures in Virginia. New investment in electric vehicles and efficient building HVAC systems reduce energy use and lower spending on imported coal, natural gas and petroleum products. Because the transition to net zero improves energy efficiency, Virginia’s expenditures on energy, as a share of all economic activity, will be lower than in the recent past.</p> <p>If implemented efficiently, the economic benefits of decarbonization, in reduced health and climate costs, will be substantially greater than the costs of achieving it. There also will be broader economic gains from reduced exposure to price volatility in international oil markets.</p> <p>Even though electricity demand is expected to nearly double, total energy use in a 2050 net-zero Virginia is not projected to increase. Electricity is generated using renewables, primarily utility-scale solar and offshore wind, along with the existing fleet of nuclear plants. Coal is no longer used to produce electricity, eliminating coal imports. Some of our existing natural gas generation fleet will be needed but will be fired with low-carbon fuels.</p> <p>Distributed solar energy from rooftops, although more expensive than large-scale installations, can lower electricity system costs. Initiatives to make rooftop solar more affordable could increase the contribution of distributed solar and diversify Virginia’s clean energy mix.</p> <p>Virginia’s emissions will not reach the near-zero levels needed to protect the climate without a substantial push from public policy.</p> <ul><li><strong>Transportation:</strong> Build out charging stations for electric vehicles (EV). As EV prices fall, electrification will accelerate without added costs.</li> <li><strong>Buildings: </strong>Update codes to encourage energy-efficient electric heat pumps and water heaters.</li> <li><strong>Electricity generation:</strong> Continue capping and pricing emissions, accelerating renewables deployment, and building a modern grid.</li> <li><strong>“Administrative capacity”:</strong> Plan and coordinate Virginia’s actions across state government agencies and local jurisdictions.</li> </ul><p>Virginia has much to gain by reducing global warming. Making the transition to net-zero emissions by 2050 makes good sense for the commonwealth.</p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 cta-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-single-cta--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-single-cta.html.twig * field--paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--field-single-cta.html.twig * field--link.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="headline-paragraph-centered__field-single-cta"><a href="https://www.pilotonline.com/opinion/columns/vp-ed-column-shobe-0815-20210814-jr2jwnjn4vd4jpswtbiq26mlsa-story.html">Read in The Virginian-Pilot</a></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-main-content.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-news-type--news.html.twig * field--node--field-news-type.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-news-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__type"><a href="/taxonomy/term/511" hreflang="en">Research and Commentary</a></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig * field--node--field-social-media-share.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-social-media-share.html.twig * field--social-media.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-social-media-share field--type-social-media field--label-above field--item wrapper-main-content row"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'block' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * block--social-sharing-block.html.twig * block--social-media.html.twig x block.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> <div class="block"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'social_media_links' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/social_media/templates/social-media-links.html.twig' --> <div class="social-media-sharing"> <ul class=""> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="facebook-share share" href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;title=[current-pagrandome:title]&amp;image=[og:image]" title="Facebook"> <img alt="Facebook" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/facebook_share.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="linkedin share" href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;img&amp;title=[current-page:img]&amp;source=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed" title="Linkedin"> <img alt="Linkedin" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/linkedin.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="twitter share" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;via=UVABatten" title="Twitter"> <img alt="Twitter" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/twitter.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="pinterest share" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;description=" title="Pinterest"> <img alt="Pinterest" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/pinterest.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a class="email share" href="mailto:?subject=&amp;body=Check out this site https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed" title="Email"> <img alt="Email" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/email.svg"> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/social_media/templates/social-media-links.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig' --> Wed, 18 Aug 2021 12:19:43 +0000 etorr 24826 at https://batten.virginia.edu Robyn Meeks https://batten.virginia.edu/robyn-meeks <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--research-speakers.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--research-speakers.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>Robyn Meeks</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--research-speakers.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--research-speakers.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/257" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">rbeirne</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--research-speakers.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--research-speakers.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>Fri, 07/09/2021 - 10:21</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relpersons--research-speakers.html.twig * field--node--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--node--research-speakers.html.twig * field--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="research-speakers__field-relpersons"> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-event-type--research-speakers.html.twig * field--node--field-event-type.html.twig * field--node--research-speakers.html.twig * field--field-event-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="research-speakers__field-event-type"><a href="/taxonomy/term/266" hreflang="en">Batten</a></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-body--research-speakers.html.twig * field--node--field-body.html.twig * field--node--research-speakers.html.twig * field--field-body.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="research-speakers__field-body"> <div class="field__item"><p><a href="http://www.robynmeeks.com/">Robyn Meeks</a> is an Assistant Professor at the <a href="http://sanford.duke.edu/">Sanford School of Public Policy</a> at Duke University, a faculty affiliate of the Duke University <a href="https://energy.duke.edu/">Energy Initiative</a> and the Duke Center for International Development, and  a member of the Faculty Advisory Committee of Duke University’s <a href="https://energyaccess.duke.edu/">Energy Access Project.</a></p> <p>Her research is at the intersection of environmental and development economics with much of her work focusing on understanding individual, household, and firm responses to the introduction of various water and energy technologies, policies, and types of infrastructure in developing countries. Much of this work relates to and informs climate and development policies.</p> <p>Professor Meeks has implemented research in a number of countries, including India, Kyrgyzstan, Kenya,  Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, and United States. Her prior and on-going energy-related research addresses topics such as: the impacts of off-grid renewable energy versus grid electrification on enterprise development, barriers to adoption of solar energy in developing countries, the demand for and impacts of energy efficient technologies on household electricity consumption and local electricity reliability, smart meters and electricity losses, consumer response to non-linear electricity pricing,  and the impacts of alternative cooking fuels (such as biogas) on indicators of sustainable development.</p> <p>Professor Meeks has a Ph.D. from Harvard University, a master’s degree from Yale University, and a bachelor’s degree from Brown University.</p> <p><em>For more information, please see <a href="http://www.robynmeeks.com/research/">research page</a>.</em></p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-header--research-speakers.html.twig * field--node--field-header.html.twig * field--node--research-speakers.html.twig * field--field-header.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="research-speakers__field-header">Benefits from Electricity Quality Improvements: Evidence from a Smart Meter Experiment</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relfocus--research-speakers.html.twig * field--node--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--node--research-speakers.html.twig * field--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="research-speakers__field-relfocus"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/51" hreflang="en">Economics</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/61" hreflang="en">Environmental Policy</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-when--research-speakers.html.twig * field--node--field-when.html.twig * field--node--research-speakers.html.twig * field--field-when.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="research-speakers__field-when">OCT 29, 2021 12:00PM</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-where--research-speakers.html.twig * field--node--field-where.html.twig * field--node--research-speakers.html.twig * field--field-where.html.twig * field--link.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="research-speakers__field-where"><a href="https://classrooms.its.virginia.edu/list/monroe-134">Monroe 134/and via Zoom</a></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-position--research-speakers.html.twig * field--node--field-position.html.twig * field--node--research-speakers.html.twig * field--field-position.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="research-speakers__field-position">Assistant Professor, Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Fri, 09 Jul 2021 14:21:38 +0000 rbeirne 24576 at https://batten.virginia.edu Shimshack and co-authors find EPA used dubious methodology to justify weakening the Clean Water Act https://batten.virginia.edu/about/news/shimshack-and-co-authors-find-epa-used-dubious-methodology-justify-weakening-clean-water <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--news.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>Shimshack and co-authors find EPA used dubious methodology to justify weakening the Clean Water Act</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--news.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/201" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">etorr</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--news.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>Tue, 12/15/2020 - 09:55</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relpersons--news.html.twig * field--node--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-relpersons"> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-person--related-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--related-person.html.twig * field--field-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="related-person__field-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--internal-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--internal-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--internal-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-internal-person--internal-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-internal-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--internal-person.html.twig * field--field-internal-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="internal-person__field-internal-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--776--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node--776.html.twig x node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node--person.html.twig * node--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/node/node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig' --> <article data-history-node-id="776" role="article" about="/people/jay-shimshack" class="person is-promoted related-content-teaser clearfix empty-menu col-sm-12"> <main class="content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 offset-md-1 image-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-preview-image--person.html.twig * field--node--field-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--person.html.twig * field--field-preview-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="person__field-preview-image"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/image/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/uva-batten-school/image/upload/v1568685913/Batten%20Website%20Master/2019-09/Jay_Shimshack_T.jpg" alt="Jay Shimshack" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/image/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 right-wrapper"> <div class="row"> <h4 class="col-sm-12 header-wrapper"> Jay Shimshack </h4> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-description--person.html.twig * field--node--field-description.html.twig * field--node--person.html.twig * field--field-description.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="person__field-description"><p>Jay Shimshack is a professor of public policy and economics at the Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy. Shimshack's research focuses on environmental regulation, environmental economics, corporate social behavior, and applied microeconomics for public policy. </p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 link-wrapper"> <a href="/people/jay-shimshack">Read full bio</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </article> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/node/node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-when--news.html.twig * field--node--field-when.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-when.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-when">Dec 15, 2020</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relfocus--news.html.twig * field--node--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-relfocus"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/61" hreflang="en">Environmental Policy</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/51" hreflang="en">Economics</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-hidden-people--news.html.twig * field--node--field-hidden-people.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-hidden-people.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-hidden-people"> <div class="field__item">776</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-main-content--news.html.twig x field--node--field-main-content.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-main-content.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-main-content.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-main-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item wrapper-main-content row headline-paragraph-centered" data-mh="main-content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered--default.html.twig x paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--headline-paragraph-centered paragraph--view-mode--default col-sm-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-description--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-description.html.twig * field--paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--field-description.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="headline-paragraph-centered__field-description"><p><span><span><span><em><span>EPA analysis assumes most states will step in to protect waterways </span></em></span></span></span><span><span><span><em><span>as over half of U.S. wetlands and 35% of streams in West lose federal protection.</span></em></span></span></span></p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'filter_caption' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/filter-caption.html.twig' --> <figure class="figure align-center"><img alt="Batten School professor Jay Shimshack (Photo by Dan Addison, University Communications)" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="bc503cc1-4248-4d60-b31b-42aec5e0f988" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/Shimshack%20EPA.png" class="figure-img img-fluid" width="1384" height="920" loading="lazy" /><figcaption class="figure-caption">Batten School professor Jay Shimshack (Photo by Dan Addison, University Communications)</figcaption></figure><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/filter-caption.html.twig' --><p><span><span><span><span>The Trump administration’s decision to remove federal Clean Water Act protections from millions of acres of wetlands and millions of miles of streams is based on dubious methodology and flawed logic, according to a <a href="https://www.e-eeac.org/wotusreport">new report</a> by Batten professor Jay Shimshack and environmental economists from leading research institutions across the U.S.</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>“The EPA’s decision to make major changes to the rules protecting the nation’s waterways relies on economic analysis that may underestimate the benefits of streams and wetlands, especially as they affect waters downstream,” said David Keiser of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, a co-author of the <em>Report on the Repeal of the Clean Water Rule and its Replacement with the Navigable Waters Protection Rule to Define Waters of the United States</em>. “The EPA also failed to adhere to its own guidelines. The new rule includes many contradictions that are inconsistent with the best available science,” Keiser said. </span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>The Environmental Protection Agency and the Army Corps of Engineers repealed the Obama-era Clean Water Rule, which clarified which bodies of water fell under federal protection from pollution under the 1972 Clean Water Act. Earlier this year, the agencies replaced that rule with the new Navigable Waters Protection Rule (NWPR), which removes isolated wetlands and ephemeral and intermittent streams from federal pollution protection. </span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>“The NWPR is not consistent with good science or economics,” Shimshack said. “Waters cross state boundaries, which is one of the reasons why we established federal environmental laws in the first place. This new rule abdicates federal responsibility without defensible economic analysis.”</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>The rule change makes it much easier for developers, agricultural operations, oil and gas companies, and mining companies to dredge, fill, divert, and dump pollution into ephemeral streams and isolated wetlands. Ripple effects could include worsening water pollution; loss of habitat for birds, fish and other species; diminished recreational waterways; more frequent algal blooms; and increased flood damage to communities as wetlands disappear. </span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>According to a 2017 staff analysis by the EPA and the Army Corps, the new rule leaves over half of U.S. wetlands and 18% of U.S. streams unprotected, including 35% of streams in the arid West.  </span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Default"><span><span><span><span>While developing the rule, the EPA and the Army Corps of Engineers considered water quality as only a “local public good.” This ignores extensive scientific research that shows that even ephemeral streams and isolated wetlands are connected to larger watersheds, so what happens upstream affects waterways downstream, increasing the risk of flooding, diminishing water quality, and causing other problems that don’t stop at state borders. The report finds that this artificially narrow view skewed benefit-cost analyses in a way that favored removing regulations. </span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>The agencies also relied on some questionable assumptions. For example, EPA projections of nationwide benefits assumed that every state — from arid places like Nevada or Arizona to wetland-rich states like Florida — has the same baseline number of wetland acres. </span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>In addition, the agencies based their benefit-cost analyses on the assumption that leaving streams and wetlands unprotected won’t cause any harm to water quality in many states, because those states will rush in to protect waterways as needed. </span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>“Experience shows that’s just not credible,” said Sheila Olmstead of the University of Texas at Austin, a report co-author. “We have a real-world apples-to-apples comparison to look at: When the Supreme Court removed federal protection from many U.S. wetlands by overturning the Migratory Bird Rule in 2001, only a few states moved to expand their own jurisdiction over some of the affected waters over the next 20 years. Given this prior behavior, EPA’s prediction that dozens of states will move to protect wetlands and streams this time around seems highly unlikely. In addition, assuming that many states will enact new legislation that doesn’t currently exist violates EPA’s own </span><a href="https://www.epa.gov/environmental-economics/guidelines-preparing-economic-analyses#download"><span>Guidelines for Preparing Economic Analysis</span></a><span>.”</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>“Environmental federalism” — the theory that states do a better job at environmental regulation than the national government — can work in some situations, but is not supported in this case, the report’s authors say. In addition to Shimshack, Keiser and Olmstead, co-authors include Kevin Boyle, Virginia Tech; Victor Flatt, University of Houston; Bonnie Keeler, University of Minnesota; Daniel Phaneuf, University of Wisconsin; and Joseph S. Shapiro, University of California Berkeley.</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>President-elect Joe Biden has said his administration will review the Trump administration’s decision to remove Clean Water Act protection from wetlands and intermittent streams. But reversing that decision could be messy: at least a dozen court cases have been filed so far, and defining the protected waters of the United States has been the subject of debate for decades. </span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>In the meantime, businesses are not waiting to </span><a href="https://news.bloomberglaw.com/environment-and-energy/companies-eager-to-lock-in-trump-era-water-rule-exemptions"><span>take advantage</span></a><span> of the weaker rules. For example, Twin Pines Minerals says it no longer needs a federal permit and so will start work on a controversial </span><a href="https://apnews.com/article/wildlife-army-savannah-wetlands-environment-eb9b151389ddc4a4116b230a54dc34fe"><span>titanium dioxide mine  </span></a><span>near the edge of the Okefenokee Swamp in Georgia, which is home to the largest National Wildlife Refuge east of the Mississippi. </span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>"The Biden Administration will attempt to respond to a number of EPA rule rollbacks undertaken by the Trump Administration. This report points to how a Biden Administration can correct structural weaknesses in this rule as well as other important EPA policies," said JR DeShazo, who directs UCLA’s Luskin Center of Innovation and is a founding co-chair of the </span><a href="https://www.e-eeac.org/"><span>External Environmental Economics Advisory Committee</span></a><span> (E-EEAC), an independent organization providing the best available economic advice to the EPA.    </span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>The E-EEAC, which commissioned the report, is supported by UCLA’s </span><a href="https://innovation.luskin.ucla.edu/"><span>Luskin Center for Innovation</span></a><span> and partially funded by the Sloan Foundation, was established after the EPA dissolved its own internal Environmental Economics Advisory Committee (EEAC) in 2018. The EEAC had contributed to policy analysis for 25 years as part of the EPA’s science advisory board system, and the E-EEAC is continuing this important work from outside the agency. </span></span></span></span></p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 cta-wrapper"> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-main-content.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig * field--node--field-social-media-share.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-social-media-share.html.twig * field--social-media.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-social-media-share field--type-social-media field--label-above field--item wrapper-main-content row"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'block' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * block--social-sharing-block.html.twig * block--social-media.html.twig x block.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> <div class="block"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'social_media_links' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/social_media/templates/social-media-links.html.twig' --> <div class="social-media-sharing"> <ul class=""> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="facebook-share share" href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;title=[current-pagrandome:title]&amp;image=[og:image]" title="Facebook"> <img alt="Facebook" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/facebook_share.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="linkedin share" href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;img&amp;title=[current-page:img]&amp;source=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed" title="Linkedin"> <img alt="Linkedin" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/linkedin.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="twitter share" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;via=UVABatten" title="Twitter"> <img alt="Twitter" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/twitter.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="pinterest share" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;description=" title="Pinterest"> <img alt="Pinterest" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/pinterest.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a class="email share" href="mailto:?subject=&amp;body=Check out this site https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed" title="Email"> <img alt="Email" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/email.svg"> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/social_media/templates/social-media-links.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig' --> Tue, 15 Dec 2020 14:55:11 +0000 etorr 21801 at https://batten.virginia.edu Batten Professor Tells Northam That Decarbonization By 2050 is ‘Achievable and Affordable’ https://batten.virginia.edu/about/news/batten-professor-tells-northam-decarbonization-2050-achievable-and-affordable <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--news.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>Batten Professor Tells Northam That Decarbonization By 2050 is ‘Achievable and Affordable’</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--news.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/366" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">crogers</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--news.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>Wed, 10/21/2020 - 09:33</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-website--news.html.twig * field--node--field-website.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-website.html.twig * field--link.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-website"><a href="https://news.virginia.edu/content/professor-tells-northam-decarbonization-2050-achievable-and-affordable?utm_source=DailyReport&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=news">READ IN UVA TODAY</a></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-uva-partners--news.html.twig * field--node--field-uva-partners.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-uva-partners.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-uva-partners"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/186" hreflang="en">Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relpersons--news.html.twig * field--node--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-relpersons"> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-person--related-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--related-person.html.twig * field--field-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="related-person__field-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--internal-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--internal-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--internal-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-internal-person--internal-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-internal-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--internal-person.html.twig * field--field-internal-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="internal-person__field-internal-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--771--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node--771.html.twig x node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node--person.html.twig * node--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/node/node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig' --> <article data-history-node-id="771" role="article" about="/people/william-shobe" class="person is-promoted related-content-teaser clearfix empty-menu col-sm-12"> <main class="content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 offset-md-1 image-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-preview-image--person.html.twig * field--node--field-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--person.html.twig * field--field-preview-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="person__field-preview-image"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/image/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/uva-batten-school/image/upload/v1568686019/Batten%20Website%20Master/2019-09/William_Shobe_T.jpg" width="400" height="300" alt="William Shobe" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/image/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 right-wrapper"> <div class="row"> <h4 class="col-sm-12 header-wrapper"> William Shobe </h4> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-description--person.html.twig * field--node--field-description.html.twig * field--node--person.html.twig * field--field-description.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="person__field-description"><p>William Shobe is research professor of public policy at the Batten School and the Director of the Center for Economic and Policy Studies at UVA’s Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service. Shobe's current research includes emission market and auction design, environmental federalism, improved economic modeling of Virginia’s economy, state economic development incentives and state economic forecasting.</p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 link-wrapper"> <a href="/people/william-shobe">Read full bio</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </article> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/node/node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-byline--news.html.twig * field--node--field-byline.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-byline.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-byline">Whitelaw Reid</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-when--news.html.twig * field--node--field-when.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-when.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-when">Oct 21, 2020</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relfocus--news.html.twig * field--node--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-relfocus"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/61" hreflang="en">Environmental Policy</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/46" hreflang="en">Domestic Policy &amp; Politics</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-hidden-people--news.html.twig * field--node--field-hidden-people.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-hidden-people.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-hidden-people"> <div class="field__item">771</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-main-content--news.html.twig x field--node--field-main-content.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-main-content.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-main-content.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-main-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item wrapper-main-content row headline-paragraph-centered" data-mh="main-content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered--default.html.twig x paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--headline-paragraph-centered paragraph--view-mode--default col-sm-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-description--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-description.html.twig * field--paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--field-description.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="headline-paragraph-centered__field-description"><p><img alt="BATTEN PROFESSOR TELLS NORTHAM THAT DECARBONIZATION BY 2050 IS ‘ACHIEVABLE AND AFFORDABLE’" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="e9149948-72f6-4046-955e-8ef3d53b5432" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/william_shobe_qa_header_1.jpg" width="700" height="466" loading="lazy" /></p> <p>A year ago at the Virginia Clean Energy Summit, Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam announced a proposal to require the state’s electricity sector to produce net-zero carbon dioxide emissions by 2050, a requirement that he has since signed into law. </p> <p>How are we doing toward attaining the goal?</p> <p>On Tuesday, as part of the second annual summit (which is taking place <a href="https://www.vacleanenergysummit.org/agenda"><strong>virtually</strong></a> and concludes Wednesday), University of Virginia professor William Shobe gave Northam the first progress report.</p> <p>Following Northam’s opening remarks, Shobe – who directs the Center for Economic &amp; Policy Studies at UVA’s Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service and has been at the forefront of environmental research and policymaking for 25 years – outlined how it is feasible for Virginia to decarbonize the state’s economy.</p> <p>UVA Today caught up with Shobe, a professor of public policy at the Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy, to learn more.</p> <p><strong>Q. During your presentation at the summit, you said decarbonization by 2050 is “achievable and affordable.” Why do you believe this?</strong></p> <p>A. Virginia is an interesting case in thinking about how to eliminate carbon emissions for a state. We have a modest potential supply of renewable energy compared to many other states, and yet it turns out that, with current technology, we have more than enough to meet our needs. Add to that our existing nuclear plants, and our non-emitting energy resources outstrip any likely future requirement. So, from a purely technical point of view, we have ample non-fossil fuel resources to meet our energy needs.</p> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'filter_caption' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/filter-caption.html.twig' --> <figure class="figure"><img alt="Following Gov. Ralph Northam’s opening remarks on Tuesday at the Virginia Clean Energy Summit, UVA professor William Shobe outlined how it is feasible for Virginia to decarbonize the state’s economy. (Contributed photo)" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="b640331f-b1fa-4846-9e8a-5456b137e46a" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/william_shobe_batten_inline_01.jpg" class="figure-img img-fluid" width="900" height="600" loading="lazy" /><figcaption class="figure-caption">Following Gov. Ralph Northam’s opening remarks on Tuesday at the Virginia Clean Energy Summit, UVA professor William Shobe outlined how it is feasible for Virginia to decarbonize the state’s economy. (Contributed photo)</figcaption></figure><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/filter-caption.html.twig' --><p>And it is surprisingly affordable. New and improved solar and wind technology have made renewables cheaper than the coal and natural gas alternatives. Even without new policies, we will start to build solar power plants rather than new natural gas plants. The advances in technology have made it cost-effective for Virginia to generate its own energy, rather than import the energy from other places.</p> <p>The final piece of the puzzle is efficiency. Shifting from fossil fuels to electricity in transportation and for heating and cooling in buildings results in large efficiency gains, which save lots of money. As costs continue to fall, the shift to all-electric buildings and transportation will be all but irresistible.</p> <p><strong>Q. Without getting too technical, can you tell us a little about the modeling you used?</strong></p> <p>A. For this modeling exercise, we worked with Evolved Energy Research, a firm specializing in long-run energy system analysis. We factor in current and likely future technology costs, demographics, weather and other factors to evaluate our future energy needs. Then we model the mix of energy resources that can meet these needs, but without any carbon dioxide emissions.</p> <p>With increased use of renewable energy, you have to be careful to take into account the variability of the resource. For example, every year we have periods of cloudy, windless days, where renewables don’t produce much electricity. At other times they will produce much more than we need. We have to include storage technologies such as batteries, hydrogen and synthetic fuels that smooth out the variability in the supply so it better matches the pattern of how we use electricity.</p> <p>Planning for the future also has to account for the shift in our patterns of energy use as we electrify cars, trucks, buildings and industrial processes. Converting these uses to electricity has substantial advantages, but the shift in patterns of use will affect the mix of resources we will use to supply the energy.</p> <p><strong>Q. For those who may be not be that well versed in decarbonization, what are the various economic, health and climate benefits that can be achieved by getting to net carbon zero?</strong></p> <p>A. If costs continue to fall the way they have recently, shifting from fossil fuels may ultimately be worth doing just for the financial savings alone. But there are other, compelling reasons for doing so.</p> <p>Climate change is already beginning to hurt Virginia, and the consequences of rising temperatures are likely to rise quickly. Casting our lot in with the many other governments around the country and the world that have pledged to eliminate their emissions of greenhouse gases makes good policy sense. It is only by cooperating that we can solve the problem of climate change. Virginia’s move to eliminate its emissions will make it that much easier for others to increase the level of their commitment.</p> <p>But it turns out that some of the greatest gains from reducing our fossil fuel use are to our own health. We have known for a long time that emissions from cars and trucks and from coal and natural gas power plants produce very damaging pollutants that result in lots of negative effects on both health and on worker and agricultural productivity. Even with our current pollution controls, these damages in Virginia alone are even greater than the damages from climate change.</p> <p>We are currently working to produce good estimates of the true economic savings to health and productivity from reducing fossil emissions. We have reason to believe that these benefits are sufficiently large by themselves to justify much of our efforts at decarbonization.</p> <p><strong>Q. In your remarks, you discussed “The Four Pillars of Cost-Effective Decarbonization.” Can you give our readers a brief synopsis of them?</strong></p> <p>A. A large body of research now points to four components that are likely to be part of any cost-effective approach to decarbonization: efficiency in energy use, eliminating fossil fuels from electricity generation, electrifying transportation services and building energy use and, finally, capturing some remaining CO2 emissions and sequestering the carbon in geologic reserves.</p> <p>Converting cars and buildings to electricity not only eliminates their direct emissions, but also increases efficiency, so there is a double savings. Increased efficiency makes it that much easier to supply the remaining energy needs. Capturing and sequestering some carbon will be necessary because it will be very expensive to eliminate the last, most recalcitrant uses. Fortunately, there are some reasonably affordable options for sequestering carbon, including good forest management, coastal ecosystem enhancement, and, ultimately, capturing CO2 from power plants that burn wood waste and other biomass.</p> <p><strong>Q. To get to net carbon zero, what specific emissions do we need to reduce, and what are some ways we can go about doing that? You mentioned some “timely adoptions” of electric technologies. What might be some examples?</strong></p> <p>A. The key is to eliminate fossil fuels from our electricity supply and from transportation and buildings. We need to continue to build out new solar generation, because it is cost-effective today. We need to move aggressively to electric cars and trucks. Building out infrastructure for charging vehicles is a pressing current need. Moving to replace gas-fired boilers and water heaters in homes and offices is another step we should start taking now; it is saves both carbon and money.</p> <p>But it’s not just about what we can adopt today. It is critically important to begin investing in innovation in renewable energy generation and energy storage technologies. Lower costs in these technologies and in electric transportation plays to Virginia’s advantage. We need to start preparing for the likelihood that hydrogen produced using renewable energy will replace oil and natural gas. This will enhance the value of our renewable resources by pairing them with long-term energy storage. With investments in new knowledge, the state can move more aggressively to take advantage of opportunities to be its own least-cost energy producer.</p> <p><strong>Q. Anything else you’d like to add?</strong></p> <p>A. The transition away from fossil fuels does not happen on its own. We need to invest in enhancing the state’s ability to plan effectively and act efficiently in moving to a cleaner, fossil-free economy. Virginia needs to invest in developing the expertise needed for the energy transition. Without doing so, there is a danger that we will take a piecemeal and inefficient approach to the challenge before us. Investing now in the capacity for both technological innovation and the policy capacity to take advantage of it will pay large dividends.</p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 cta-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-single-cta--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-single-cta.html.twig * field--paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--field-single-cta.html.twig * field--link.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="headline-paragraph-centered__field-single-cta"><a href="https://news.virginia.edu/content/professor-tells-northam-decarbonization-2050-achievable-and-affordable?utm_source=DailyReport&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=news">READ IN UVA TODAY</a></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-main-content.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig * field--node--field-social-media-share.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-social-media-share.html.twig * field--social-media.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-social-media-share field--type-social-media field--label-above field--item wrapper-main-content row"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'block' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * block--social-sharing-block.html.twig * block--social-media.html.twig x block.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> <div class="block"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'social_media_links' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/social_media/templates/social-media-links.html.twig' --> <div class="social-media-sharing"> <ul class=""> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="facebook-share share" href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;title=[current-pagrandome:title]&amp;image=[og:image]" title="Facebook"> <img alt="Facebook" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/facebook_share.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="linkedin share" href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;img&amp;title=[current-page:img]&amp;source=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed" title="Linkedin"> <img alt="Linkedin" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/linkedin.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="twitter share" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;via=UVABatten" title="Twitter"> <img alt="Twitter" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/twitter.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="pinterest share" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;description=" title="Pinterest"> <img alt="Pinterest" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/pinterest.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a class="email share" href="mailto:?subject=&amp;body=Check out this site https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed" title="Email"> <img alt="Email" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/email.svg"> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/social_media/templates/social-media-links.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig' --> Wed, 21 Oct 2020 13:33:22 +0000 crogers 16161 at https://batten.virginia.edu Nationally, Air Pollution Has Fallen in Recent Decades. But Disparities Between Communities Persist. https://batten.virginia.edu/about/news/nationally-air-pollution-has-fallen-recent-decades-disparities-between-communities <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--news.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>Nationally, Air Pollution Has Fallen in Recent Decades. But Disparities Between Communities Persist.</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--news.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/286" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">mhicks</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--news.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>Mon, 08/31/2020 - 11:22</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-uva-partners--news.html.twig * field--node--field-uva-partners.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-uva-partners.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-uva-partners"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/376" hreflang="en">Department of Economics</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relpersons--news.html.twig * field--node--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-relpersons"> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-person--related-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--related-person.html.twig * field--field-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="related-person__field-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--internal-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--internal-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--internal-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-internal-person--internal-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-internal-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--internal-person.html.twig * field--field-internal-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="internal-person__field-internal-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--776--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node--776.html.twig x node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node--person.html.twig * node--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/node/node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig' --> <article data-history-node-id="776" role="article" about="/people/jay-shimshack" class="person is-promoted related-content-teaser clearfix empty-menu col-sm-12"> <main class="content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 offset-md-1 image-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-preview-image--person.html.twig * field--node--field-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--person.html.twig * field--field-preview-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="person__field-preview-image"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/image/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/uva-batten-school/image/upload/v1568685913/Batten%20Website%20Master/2019-09/Jay_Shimshack_T.jpg" alt="Jay Shimshack" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/image/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 right-wrapper"> <div class="row"> <h4 class="col-sm-12 header-wrapper"> Jay Shimshack </h4> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-description--person.html.twig * field--node--field-description.html.twig * field--node--person.html.twig * field--field-description.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="person__field-description"><p>Jay Shimshack is a professor of public policy and economics at the Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy. Shimshack's research focuses on environmental regulation, environmental economics, corporate social behavior, and applied microeconomics for public policy. </p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 link-wrapper"> <a href="/people/jay-shimshack">Read full bio</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </article> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/node/node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-when--news.html.twig * field--node--field-when.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-when.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-when">Aug 31, 2020</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relfocus--news.html.twig * field--node--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-relfocus"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/61" hreflang="en">Environmental Policy</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/51" hreflang="en">Economics</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-hidden-people--news.html.twig * field--node--field-hidden-people.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-hidden-people.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-hidden-people"> <div class="field__item">776</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-main-content--news.html.twig x field--node--field-main-content.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-main-content.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-main-content.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-main-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item wrapper-main-content row headline-paragraph-centered" data-mh="main-content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered--default.html.twig x paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--headline-paragraph-centered paragraph--view-mode--default col-sm-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-description--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-description.html.twig * field--paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--field-description.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="headline-paragraph-centered__field-description"><p><span><span><span><em><span><span><span>New research from two UVA professors sheds light on environmental inequalities.</span></span></span></em></span></span></span></p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 cta-wrapper"> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field--item wrapper-main-content row video" data-mh="main-content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--video--default.html.twig x paragraph--video.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--video.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--video paragraph--view-mode--default col-sm-12 col-md-8 offset-md-2"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 video-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-video--video.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-video.html.twig * field--paragraph--video.html.twig * field--field-video.html.twig * field--video-embed-field.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="video__field-video"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'container' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/container.html.twig' --> <div class="video-embed-field-provider-youtube video-embed-field-responsive-video form-group"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'video_embed_iframe__youtube' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * video-embed-iframe--youtube.html.twig x video-embed-iframe.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/video_embed_field/templates/video-embed-iframe.html.twig' --> <iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/oEURlFLcDi0?autoplay=0&amp;start=0&amp;rel=0"></iframe> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/video_embed_field/templates/video-embed-iframe.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/container.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--video.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field--item wrapper-main-content row headline-paragraph-centered" data-mh="main-content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered--default.html.twig x paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--headline-paragraph-centered paragraph--view-mode--default col-sm-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-description--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-description.html.twig * field--paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--field-description.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="headline-paragraph-centered__field-description"><p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Air pollution can have serious consequences for a person’s quality of life. Inhaling high concentrations of “fine particulate matter,” or particles approximately 40 times smaller than a grain of sand, has been linked to cancer, heart disease, and even death Jonathan Colmer told an online audience last week.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Thankfully, fine particulate matter air pollution in the United States has dropped dramatically over the last few decades—by a full 70%, in fact. But new findings from Colmer, who teaches at the University of Virginia’s Department of Economics, and Batten’s Jay Shimshack reveal that we still have cause for concern. During the latest edition of Batten Expert Chats, the two professors discussed their research and its implications. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Colmer and Shimshack were able to paint “an incredibly detailed picture” of air pollution in the U.S. by gathering data from 8.6 million locations for every year between 1981 and 2016. While air pollution has undeniably decreased overall, “relative disparities” have remained “remarkably persistent,” Shimshack said. As an example, he offered a sobering statistic: 94% of the areas that were among the most polluted in 1981 were still ranked among the most polluted in 2016.  </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>“But it's not just the most and the least polluted areas,” he said. “The general pattern of persistence holds at essentially every single point.” It also holds true across states, within states, and regardless of whether the location is urban or rural, he added.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Still, generally, “pollution has fallen,” Shimshack said. “Shouldn’t we just accept the win?” </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>The answer, in their view, is not necessarily. “Fairness, equity, and justice are inherently comparative,” he said, “and our results suggest that from an air pollution perspective, who is disadvantaged and who is advantaged has remained remarkably constant through time.” </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Socioeconomically disadvantaged communities are far more likely to have higher levels of pollution at any point since 1981, Shimshack explained. In fact, relative disparities in pollution levels between more and less privileged areas may actually be getting larger: While richer, whiter communities have become relatively less polluted over the last few decades, the same is not true in disadvantaged communities. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>“Someone living in one of the most polluted neighborhoods in the United States today—which are disproportionately home to Hispanic people, lower income people, and other minority groups—is exposed to the same level of fine particulate matter as the average American was in the early 1990s,” he said.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Why do such disparities exist? There are many plausible explanations. While it’s true that people choose where they live, it’s not necessarily that simple. “Evidence suggests that people of color may not have the same choices as white people. If you're only able to choose from a set of bad outcomes, then there are more fundamental constraints that need to be addressed.” said Colmer.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Additionally, constraints that companies face in making their own choices could play a role. “There's also a sense in which pollution chooses where it lives—firms are going to choose where to set up shop, and they do this based on costs, wages, and land prices in a given area,” Colmer explained. Political considerations should be taken into account as well. “To some degree the louder your voice, the more of a say you have in these decisions,” he added. “There is a concern that disenfranchised communities may be less likely to have a voice.”</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Still, all of these explanations remain tentative at the moment. The two professors hesitated to make specific policy recommendations, but emphasized the need for better dissemination of information on the issue. They are currently developing the Environmental Inequality Atlas, an interactive website where policymakers, </span></span></span><span><span>journalists, NGOs, researchers, and the general public</span></span><span><span><span> can </span></span></span><span><span>visualize, download, and engage with neighborhood level measures of <span>environmental</span> risk. </span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>In response to a question about whether local governments could play a role in addressing the disparities, Colmer noted the importance of a coordinated effort between various levels of government. But Shimshack said he believes that first and foremost the problem should be addressed at a higher level.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>“A signature issue of federal and state environmental policies is that all people should have the same access to environmental protection,” he said. “We’re falling short.”</span></span></span></span></span></span></p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 cta-wrapper"> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-main-content.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig * field--node--field-social-media-share.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-social-media-share.html.twig * field--social-media.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-social-media-share field--type-social-media field--label-above field--item wrapper-main-content row"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'block' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * block--social-sharing-block.html.twig * block--social-media.html.twig x block.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> <div class="block"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'social_media_links' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/social_media/templates/social-media-links.html.twig' --> <div class="social-media-sharing"> <ul class=""> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="facebook-share share" 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'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig' --> Mon, 31 Aug 2020 15:22:07 +0000 mhicks 15731 at https://batten.virginia.edu Shimshack Paper Published in Science Magazine, Garners National Attention https://batten.virginia.edu/about/news/shimshack-paper-published-science-magazine-garners-national-attention <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--news.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>Shimshack Paper Published in Science Magazine, Garners National Attention</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--news.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/286" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">mhicks</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--news.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>Fri, 07/31/2020 - 09:07</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relpersons--news.html.twig * field--node--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-relpersons"> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-person--related-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--related-person.html.twig * field--field-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="related-person__field-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--internal-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--internal-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--internal-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-internal-person--internal-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-internal-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--internal-person.html.twig * field--field-internal-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="internal-person__field-internal-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--776--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node--776.html.twig x node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node--person.html.twig * node--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/node/node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig' --> <article data-history-node-id="776" role="article" about="/people/jay-shimshack" class="person is-promoted related-content-teaser clearfix empty-menu col-sm-12"> <main class="content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 offset-md-1 image-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-preview-image--person.html.twig * field--node--field-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--person.html.twig * field--field-preview-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="person__field-preview-image"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/image/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/uva-batten-school/image/upload/v1568685913/Batten%20Website%20Master/2019-09/Jay_Shimshack_T.jpg" alt="Jay Shimshack" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/image/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 right-wrapper"> <div class="row"> <h4 class="col-sm-12 header-wrapper"> Jay Shimshack </h4> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-description--person.html.twig * field--node--field-description.html.twig * field--node--person.html.twig * field--field-description.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="person__field-description"><p>Jay Shimshack is a professor of public policy and economics at the Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy. Shimshack's research focuses on environmental regulation, environmental economics, corporate social behavior, and applied microeconomics for public policy. </p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 link-wrapper"> <a href="/people/jay-shimshack">Read full bio</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </article> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/node/node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-when--news.html.twig * field--node--field-when.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-when.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-when">Jul 31, 2020</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relfocus--news.html.twig * field--node--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-relfocus"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/61" hreflang="en">Environmental Policy</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/51" hreflang="en">Economics</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-hidden-people--news.html.twig * field--node--field-hidden-people.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-hidden-people.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-hidden-people"> <div class="field__item">776</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-main-content--news.html.twig x field--node--field-main-content.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-main-content.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-main-content.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-main-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item wrapper-main-content row headline-paragraph-centered" data-mh="main-content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered--default.html.twig x paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--headline-paragraph-centered paragraph--view-mode--default col-sm-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-description--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-description.html.twig * field--paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--field-description.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="headline-paragraph-centered__field-description"><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>PM</span><span>2.5 </span><span>air pollution has fallen substantially in the past four decades, yet relative disparities still persist throughout the United States.  That is the key finding from a paper published in the July 31 issue of <em>Science</em> magazine, written by Batten School Associate Dean for Academic Affairs Jay Shimshack.  The paper, co-written with UVA Assistant Professor of Economics Jonathan Colmer, Ian Hardman from Stanford University’s Program on Energy and Sustainable Development, and John Voorheis, an economist at the U.S. Census Bureau, has quickly earned national attention.  </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>PM2.5 is a form of particulate matter air pollution characterized by fine inhalable particles with diameters that are generally 2.5 micrometers and smaller.  This type of air pollution has adverse effects on health, wealth, and productivity.  In “Disparities in PM2.5 Air Pollution in the United States,” the authors found that the most polluted areas in 1981 are still the most polluted areas today; conversely, the least polluted areas in 1981 remain the least polluted areas today.  Further, areas that were or became whiter and richer between 1981 and 2016 have become relatively less polluted over time.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Visit the following pages in <em>Science</em> to access either the </span><a href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6503/575"><span>full article</span></a><span> or the magazine’s </span></span></span></span></span></span></span>“<span><span><span><span><span><span><a href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6503/503"><span>Perspective</span></a><span><span><span>”</span></span></span><span> piece written on the paper.  </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The paper drew immediate attention from a broad range of national media outlets.  Below is a sample of stories written on the paper’s findings: </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <ul type="disc"><li><em><span>The New York Times,</span></em><span> “</span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/07/30/us/30reuters-usa-environment-pollution.html"><span>After Three Decades, Most Polluted U.S. Neighborhoods Haven’t Changed</span></a><span>”</span></li> <li><em><span>NPR</span></em><span>, “</span><a href="https://www.npr.org/2020/07/30/896635668/air-quality-disparities-persist-despite-overall-gains"><span>Air Quality Disparities Persist Despite Overall Gains</span></a><span>”</span></li> <li><em><span>The Guardian, </span></em><span>“<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jul/30/air-pollution-worst-us-communities-of-color-study">Air Pollution Remains Worst in U.S. Communities of Color Despite Progress</a>”</span></li> <li><em><span>Science News, </span></em><span>“</span><a href="https://www.sciencenews.org/article/us-neighborhoods-40-years-worst-air-quality-pollution"><span>Many U.S. Neighborhoods with the Worst Air 40 Years Ago Remain the Most Polluted</span></a><span>”</span></li> <li><em><span>Gizmodo, </span></em><span>“</span><a href="https://earther.gizmodo.com/stark-new-study-shows-the-most-polluted-places-in-the-1844561104?rev=1596133905742"><span>’Stark’ New Study Shows the Most Polluted Places in the U.S. Haven’t Changed in 35 Years</span></a><span>”</span></li> <li><span><em>AAAS, </em>“</span><a href="https://www.aaas.org/news/neighborhood-differences-air-pollution-persist-decades">Neighborhood Differences in Air Pollution Persist for Decades</a><span>”</span></li> <li><em>Greenwire,</em><span>“</span><a href="https://www.eenews.net/greenwire/2020/07/31/stories/1063662645">Study: Racial, economic disparities to soot exposure persist</a><span>”</span></li> <li><em>UPI, </em><span>“</span><a href="https://www.upi.com/Science_News/2020/07/31/Even-as-air-pollution-declines-disparities-in-exposure-remain/1851596207553/">Even as air pollution declines, disparities in exposure remain</a><span>”</span></li> <li><em>Grist, </em><span>“</span><a href="https://grist.org/beacon/money-talks-about-climate-change/">Money talks (about climate change)</a><span>”</span></li> <li><em><span>UVA Today, </span></em><span>“</span><a href="https://news.virginia.edu/content/uva-economists-fine-particle-air-pollution-decreases-stubborn-disparities-remain?utm_source=DailyReport&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=news">UVA Economists: Fine Particle Air Pollution Decreases, but Stubborn Disparities Remain</a><span>”</span></li> </ul><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Shimshack and Colmer published a companion piece to the paper Thursday in <em>The Conversation</em>, an online platform that seeks to inform public debate with knowledge-based journalism that is responsible, ethical, and supported by evidence.  That paper can be found </span></span><a href="https://theconversation.com/fine-particle-air-pollution-has-decreased-across-the-us-but-poor-and-minority-communities-are-still-the-most-polluted-143650"><span>here</span></a><span><span>.  </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Please continue to visit this page as new articles covering the paper’s finding are added.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 cta-wrapper"> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-main-content.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-news-type--news.html.twig * field--node--field-news-type.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-news-type.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__type"><a href="/taxonomy/term/511" hreflang="en">Research and Commentary</a></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig * field--node--field-social-media-share.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-social-media-share.html.twig * field--social-media.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-social-media-share field--type-social-media field--label-above field--item wrapper-main-content row"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'block' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * block--social-sharing-block.html.twig * block--social-media.html.twig x block.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> <div class="block"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'social_media_links' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/social_media/templates/social-media-links.html.twig' --> <div class="social-media-sharing"> <ul class=""> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="facebook-share share" href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;title=[current-pagrandome:title]&amp;image=[og:image]" title="Facebook"> <img alt="Facebook" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/facebook_share.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="linkedin share" href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;img&amp;title=[current-page:img]&amp;source=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed" title="Linkedin"> <img alt="Linkedin" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/linkedin.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="twitter share" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;via=UVABatten" title="Twitter"> <img alt="Twitter" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/twitter.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="pinterest share" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;description=" title="Pinterest"> <img alt="Pinterest" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/pinterest.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a class="email share" href="mailto:?subject=&amp;body=Check out this site https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed" title="Email"> <img alt="Email" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/email.svg"> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/social_media/templates/social-media-links.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig' --> Fri, 31 Jul 2020 13:07:00 +0000 mhicks 15581 at https://batten.virginia.edu Summer Savior: Students Flocking to Weldon Cooper Center's Clean Energy Initiative https://batten.virginia.edu/about/news/summer-savior-students-flocking-weldon-cooper-centers-clean-energy-initiative <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--news.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>Summer Savior: Students Flocking to Weldon Cooper Center&#039;s Clean Energy Initiative</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--news.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/286" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">mhicks</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--news.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>Mon, 06/29/2020 - 08:17</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-website--news.html.twig * field--node--field-website.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-website.html.twig * field--link.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-website"><a href="https://news.virginia.edu/content/summer-savior-students-flocking-weldon-cooper-centers-clean-energy-initiative?utm_source=DailyReport&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=news">READ IN UVA TODAY </a></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-uva-partners--news.html.twig * field--node--field-uva-partners.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-uva-partners.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-uva-partners"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/186" hreflang="en">Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relpersons--news.html.twig * field--node--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-relpersons"> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-person--related-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--related-person.html.twig * field--field-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="related-person__field-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--internal-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--internal-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--internal-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-internal-person--internal-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-internal-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--internal-person.html.twig * field--field-internal-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="internal-person__field-internal-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--771--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node--771.html.twig x node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node--person.html.twig * node--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/node/node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig' --> <article data-history-node-id="771" role="article" about="/people/william-shobe" class="person is-promoted related-content-teaser clearfix empty-menu col-sm-12"> <main class="content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 offset-md-1 image-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-preview-image--person.html.twig * field--node--field-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--person.html.twig * field--field-preview-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="person__field-preview-image"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/image/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/uva-batten-school/image/upload/v1568686019/Batten%20Website%20Master/2019-09/William_Shobe_T.jpg" width="400" height="300" alt="William Shobe" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/image/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 right-wrapper"> <div class="row"> <h4 class="col-sm-12 header-wrapper"> William Shobe </h4> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-description--person.html.twig * field--node--field-description.html.twig * field--node--person.html.twig * field--field-description.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="person__field-description"><p>William Shobe is research professor of public policy at the Batten School and the Director of the Center for Economic and Policy Studies at UVA’s Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service. Shobe's current research includes emission market and auction design, environmental federalism, improved economic modeling of Virginia’s economy, state economic development incentives and state economic forecasting.</p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 link-wrapper"> <a href="/people/william-shobe">Read full bio</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </article> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/node/node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-byline--news.html.twig * field--node--field-byline.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-byline.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-byline">Whitelaw Reid</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-when--news.html.twig * field--node--field-when.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-when.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-when">Jun 29, 2020</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relfocus--news.html.twig * field--node--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-relfocus"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/61" hreflang="en">Environmental Policy</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-hidden-people--news.html.twig * field--node--field-hidden-people.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-hidden-people.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-hidden-people"> <div class="field__item">771</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-main-content--news.html.twig x field--node--field-main-content.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-main-content.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-main-content.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-main-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item wrapper-main-content row headline-paragraph-centered" data-mh="main-content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered--default.html.twig x paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--headline-paragraph-centered paragraph--view-mode--default col-sm-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-description--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-description.html.twig * field--paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--field-description.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="headline-paragraph-centered__field-description"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'filter_caption' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/filter-caption.html.twig' --> <figure class="figure align-center"><img alt="header_WCC" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="4c6c0d3a-0e4a-4370-88ea-ac21bfa442d9" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/weldon_cooper_interns_contrib_header.jpg" class="figure-img img-fluid" width="2000" height="1334" loading="lazy" /><figcaption class="figure-caption">The Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service’s Bill Shobe, left, and Arthur Small have created a lifeline for more than two dozen UVA students who lost summer internships and jobs due to the pandemic. (Contributed photos)</figcaption></figure><!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/filter-caption.html.twig' --><p>Neha Awasthi thought she was all set for the summer.</p> <p>The rising third-year civil and environmental engineering student from Aldie was looking forward to a summer internship at a transportation planning and engineering firm. The 10-week program was set to begin in late May and run through early August.</p> <p>But when COVID-19 hit, Awasthi’s plans – like those of many students at the University of Virginia and around the world – were dashed.</p> <p>Enter UVA’s Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service.</p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 cta-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-single-cta--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-single-cta.html.twig * field--paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--field-single-cta.html.twig * field--link.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="headline-paragraph-centered__field-single-cta"><a href="https://news.virginia.edu/content/summer-savior-students-flocking-weldon-cooper-centers-clean-energy-initiative?utm_source=DailyReport&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=news">Read in UVA Today</a></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-main-content.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig * field--node--field-social-media-share.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-social-media-share.html.twig * field--social-media.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-social-media-share field--type-social-media field--label-above field--item wrapper-main-content row"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'block' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * block--social-sharing-block.html.twig * block--social-media.html.twig x block.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> <div class="block"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'social_media_links' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/social_media/templates/social-media-links.html.twig' --> <div class="social-media-sharing"> <ul class=""> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="facebook-share share" href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;title=[current-pagrandome:title]&amp;image=[og:image]" title="Facebook"> <img alt="Facebook" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/facebook_share.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="linkedin share" href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;img&amp;title=[current-page:img]&amp;source=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed" title="Linkedin"> <img alt="Linkedin" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/linkedin.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="twitter share" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;via=UVABatten" title="Twitter"> <img alt="Twitter" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/twitter.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nooopener noreffer" class="pinterest share" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed&amp;description=" title="Pinterest"> <img alt="Pinterest" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/pinterest.svg"> </a> </li> <li> <a class="email share" href="mailto:?subject=&amp;body=Check out this site https://batten.virginia.edu/taxonomy/term/61/feed" title="Email"> <img alt="Email" src="https://batten.virginia.edu/modules/contrib/social_media/icons/email.svg"> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/social_media/templates/social-media-links.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/block/block.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-social-media-share--news.html.twig' --> Mon, 29 Jun 2020 12:17:38 +0000 mhicks 15346 at https://batten.virginia.edu The demand for clean water has surpassed the supply. What can we do about it? https://batten.virginia.edu/about/news/demand-clean-water-has-surpassed-supply-what-can-we-do-about-it <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--news.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>The demand for clean water has surpassed the supply. What can we do about it?</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--news.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/286" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">mhicks</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--news.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>Wed, 06/03/2020 - 15:34</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relpersons--news.html.twig * field--node--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-relpersons"> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-when--news.html.twig * field--node--field-when.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-when.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-when">Jun 03, 2020</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relfocus--news.html.twig * field--node--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="news__field-relfocus"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/61" hreflang="en">Environmental Policy</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-main-content--news.html.twig x field--node--field-main-content.html.twig * field--node--news.html.twig * field--field-main-content.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-main-content.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-main-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item wrapper-main-content row headline-paragraph-centered" data-mh="main-content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered--default.html.twig x paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--headline-paragraph-centered paragraph--view-mode--default col-sm-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-description--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-description.html.twig * field--paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--field-description.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="headline-paragraph-centered__field-description"><p><span><span><span><span><em><span>For the latest installment of Batten’s Expert Chat Series, water sustainability experts Charles Iceland and Jon Freedman spoke and took questions on the world’s most vital resource.</span></em></span></span></span></span></p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 cta-wrapper"> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field--item wrapper-main-content row video" data-mh="main-content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--video--default.html.twig x paragraph--video.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--video.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--video paragraph--view-mode--default col-sm-12 col-md-8 offset-md-2"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 video-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-video--video.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-video.html.twig * field--paragraph--video.html.twig * field--field-video.html.twig * field--video-embed-field.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="video__field-video"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'container' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/container.html.twig' --> <div class="video-embed-field-provider-youtube video-embed-field-responsive-video form-group"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'video_embed_iframe__youtube' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * video-embed-iframe--youtube.html.twig x video-embed-iframe.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/video_embed_field/templates/video-embed-iframe.html.twig' --> <iframe width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EDPROl5ht1o?autoplay=0&amp;start=0&amp;rel=0"></iframe> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/video_embed_field/templates/video-embed-iframe.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/container.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--video.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="field--item wrapper-main-content row headline-paragraph-centered" data-mh="main-content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered--default.html.twig x paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--headline-paragraph-centered paragraph--view-mode--default col-sm-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-description--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-description.html.twig * field--paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig * field--field-description.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="headline-paragraph-centered__field-description"><p><span><span><span><span><span><span>The largest city in Brazil nearly ran out of water a few years ago. California recently experienced its worst drought since record keeping began. The major Indian metropolis of Chennai had to receive emergency water deliveries by tanker truck last summer. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>“We’ve reached a point where the global demand for water exceeds the supply,” Jon Freedman told an online audience during last week’s installment of Batten’s Expert Chat Series. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Freedman and his fellow speaker, Charles Iceland, brought two complementary perspectives to the discussion, where they spoke and took questions on the future of clean water. Freedman heads global government affairs for SUEZ - Water Technologies &amp; Solutions. Iceland is director of global and national water initiatives at the World Resources Institute. Together representing corporate and nonprofit approaches, the two men teach a class on water sustainability at the University of Pennsylvania.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>According to Iceland, the reason for water scarcity is simple. “Basically, we’re taking more water out of rivers and aquifers than is being replenished in many places around the world,” he said. “Like someone who is spending more out of their bank account than what is getting paid in by their wages, this is an unsustainable situation.”</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Primarily due to population growth, economic growth, and climate change, the gap between the need for clean water and the amount that actually exists has been widening for many years and will likely continue to do so, Iceland said. The problem is especially dire amid COVID-19. In slums like Kibera in Nairobi, Kenya, people often lack access to clean water for handwashing. Water shortages also affect U.S. communities; in the Navajo Nation reservation, for example, 40% of households lack running water. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>There are three main ways to address the problem of water scarcity, Freedman explained. The first is simply to use less water. “That’s a great start, but it only gets you so far,” he noted. The second is to desalinate seawater, but that solution is “expensive and energy intensive.” The third is something that his company intensely focuses on: water reuse.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Despite the fact that we have the technology to safely recycle wastewater for all of our needs, only 3-4% of the world’s wastewater is being reused today. Why? “The answer is economics,” Freedman said. “It’s often just cheaper to take water from the ground or a river, where it’s often free, or even from a potable municipal system, where it’s almost universally underpriced, than it is to implement reuse technologies.”</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>As a result, “governments need to step in and create policies that are going to promote reuse,” Freedman said. Sharing findings from a report he co-authored that contains 150 examples of policies that governments in different countries have already implemented, he outlined four categories of water reuse policies: You can educate people, explaining that it’s both important to reuse water and safe to do so; you can remove barriers to using reclaimed water, such as regulations preventing it from being injected into the ground; you can provide incentives, such as low-cost loans or grants; and you can mandate water reuse.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>“These policies work,” Freedman said. “Israel has implemented all of them and they’re reusing 85-90% of their wastewater today.” The U.S. is increasingly adopting these tactics as well, he added; the Environmental Protection Agency just developed its first national water reuse strategy and action plan.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>In addition to governments, individuals and corporations can help address water scarcity as well, Freedman and Iceland pointed out. Corporations can engage in water-related philanthropy, perhaps by funding handwashing kiosks or other facilities. When it comes to individuals, minimizing household water use doesn’t do much, Iceland said. “The number one thing you can do individually for the environment—which is not just water but of course includes water—is to change your diet,” Iceland said. Since beef, for example, uses a high amount of water per calorie, he recommends that people cut down on the number of times per week they consume it.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>One of the most powerful things about water, the men agreed, is the central role it plays in our lives. “Water is a fundamental human right,” Freedman said. “You can only live three days without it.” On an international scale, that means nations which share the same rivers—India and Pakistan, China and India, the U.S. and Canada—can experience serious political anxiety around water sources. Batten’s dean, Ian Solomon, posed an important question to this week’s experts: “What do you consider to be the most promising means of water cooperation, rather than conflict?”</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Iceland cited the Indus Waters Treaty. Brokered by the World Bank, the agreement gave Pakistan purview over the western tributaries of the Indus River and India purview over the eastern ones. Although the agreement is now under pressure due to high water demand, it remains a hopeful example in our conflict-ridden world.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>“Pakistan and India negotiated that treaty notwithstanding all the animosities over other issues that they've had throughout their history,” Iceland said. “Between those two countries, water was a force for peace.”</span></span></span></span></span></span></p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 cta-wrapper"> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--headline-paragraph-centered.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/field/field--node--field-main-content.html.twig' --> Wed, 03 Jun 2020 19:34:21 +0000 mhicks 14991 at https://batten.virginia.edu From Zero to Hero?: Why Integrated Assessment Modeling of Negative Emissions Technologies Is Hard and How We Can Do Better https://batten.virginia.edu/zero-hero-why-integrated-assessment-modeling-negative-emissions-technologies-hard-and-how-we-can-do <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--published-research.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--published-research.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span>From Zero to Hero?: Why Integrated Assessment Modeling of Negative Emissions Technologies Is Hard and How We Can Do Better</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--published-research.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--published-research.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/257" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">rbeirne</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/user/templates/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--published-research.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--published-research.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>Tue, 05/19/2020 - 15:33</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/node/templates/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relpersons--published-research.html.twig * field--node--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--node--published-research.html.twig * field--field-relpersons.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="published-research__field-relpersons"> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-person--related-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--related-person.html.twig * field--field-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="related-person__field-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--external-person--default.html.twig x paragraph--external-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--external-person.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--external-person paragraph--view-mode--default col-sm-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 offset-md-1 image-wrapper"> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 right-wrapper"> <div class="row"> <h4 class="col-sm-12 header-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-main-header--external-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-main-header.html.twig * field--paragraph--external-person.html.twig * field--field-main-header.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="external-person__field-main-header">Jay Fuhrman</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </h4> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 link-wrapper"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--external-person.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-person--related-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--related-person.html.twig * field--field-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="related-person__field-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--external-person--default.html.twig x paragraph--external-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--external-person.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--external-person paragraph--view-mode--default col-sm-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 offset-md-1 image-wrapper"> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 right-wrapper"> <div class="row"> <h4 class="col-sm-12 header-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-main-header--external-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-main-header.html.twig * field--paragraph--external-person.html.twig * field--field-main-header.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="external-person__field-main-header">Haewon McJeon</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </h4> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 link-wrapper"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--external-person.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-person--related-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--related-person.html.twig * field--field-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="related-person__field-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--external-person--default.html.twig x paragraph--external-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--external-person.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--external-person paragraph--view-mode--default col-sm-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 offset-md-1 image-wrapper"> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 right-wrapper"> <div class="row"> <h4 class="col-sm-12 header-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-main-header--external-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-main-header.html.twig * field--paragraph--external-person.html.twig * field--field-main-header.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="external-person__field-main-header">Scott C. Doney</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </h4> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 link-wrapper"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--external-person.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-person--related-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--related-person.html.twig * field--field-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="related-person__field-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--internal-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--internal-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--internal-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-internal-person--internal-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-internal-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--internal-person.html.twig * field--field-internal-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="internal-person__field-internal-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--771--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node--771.html.twig x node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node--person.html.twig * node--related-content-teaser.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/node/node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig' --> <article data-history-node-id="771" role="article" about="/people/william-shobe" class="person is-promoted related-content-teaser clearfix empty-menu col-sm-12"> <main class="content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 offset-md-1 image-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-preview-image--person.html.twig * field--node--field-preview-image.html.twig * field--node--person.html.twig * field--field-preview-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="person__field-preview-image"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/modules/image/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/uva-batten-school/image/upload/v1568686019/Batten%20Website%20Master/2019-09/William_Shobe_T.jpg" width="400" height="300" alt="William Shobe" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/system/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/modules/image/templates/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 right-wrapper"> <div class="row"> <h4 class="col-sm-12 header-wrapper"> William Shobe </h4> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-description--person.html.twig * field--node--field-description.html.twig * field--node--person.html.twig * field--field-description.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="person__field-description"><p>William Shobe is research professor of public policy at the Batten School and the Director of the Center for Economic and Policy Studies at UVA’s Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service. Shobe's current research includes emission market and auction design, environmental federalism, improved economic modeling of Virginia’s economy, state economic development incentives and state economic forecasting.</p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 link-wrapper"> <a href="/people/william-shobe">Read full bio</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </article> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/node/node--person--related-content-teaser.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="bundle-related-person field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--related-person--default.html.twig * paragraph--related-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig x paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--related-person paragraph--view-mode--default"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-person--related-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--related-person.html.twig * field--field-person.html.twig * field--entity-reference-revisions.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="related-person__field-person"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'paragraph' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * paragraph--external-person--default.html.twig x paragraph--external-person.html.twig * paragraph--default.html.twig * paragraph.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--external-person.html.twig' --> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--external-person paragraph--view-mode--default col-sm-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 offset-md-1 image-wrapper"> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 right-wrapper"> <div class="row"> <h4 class="col-sm-12 header-wrapper"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--paragraph--field-main-header--external-person.html.twig * field--paragraph--field-main-header.html.twig * field--paragraph--external-person.html.twig * field--field-main-header.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="external-person__field-main-header">Andres F. Clarens</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </h4> <div class="col-sm-12 content-wrapper"> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 link-wrapper"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/radix_batten/templates/paragraph/paragraph--external-person.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/paragraphs/templates/paragraph.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-body--published-research.html.twig * field--node--field-body.html.twig * field--node--published-research.html.twig * field--field-body.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="published-research__field-body"> <div class="field__item"><p>Climate change mitigation strategies informed by Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) increasingly rely on major deployments of negative emissions technologies (NETs) to achieve global climate targets. Although NETs can strongly complement emissions mitigation efforts, this dependence on the presumed future ability to deploy NETs at scale raises questions about the structural elements of IAMs that are influencing our understanding of mitigation efforts. Model inter-comparison results underpinning the IPCC's special report on Global Warming of 1.5°C were used to explore the role that current assumptions are having on projections and the way in which emerging technologies, economic factors, innovation, and tradeoffs between negative emissions objectives and UN Sustainable Development Goals might have on future deployment of NETs. Current generation IAM scenarios widely assume we are capable of scaling up NETs over the coming 30 years to achieve negative emissions of the same order of magnitude as current global emissions (tens of gigatons of CO2/year) predominantly relying on highly land intensive NETs. While the technological potential of some of these approaches (e.g., direct air capture) is much greater than for the land-based technologies, these are seldom included in the scenarios. Alternative NETs (e.g., accelerated weathering) are generally excluded because of connections with industrial sectors or earth system processes that are not yet included in many models. In all cases, modeling results suggest that significant NET activity will be conducted in developing regions, raising concerns about tradeoffs with UN Sustainable Development Goals. These findings provide insight into how to improve treatment of NETs in IAMs to better inform international climate policy discussions. We emphasize the need to better understand relative strength and weaknesses of full suite of NETs that can help inform the decision making for policy makers and stakeholders.</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-publink--published-research.html.twig * field--node--field-publink.html.twig * field--node--published-research.html.twig * field--field-publink.html.twig * field--link.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="published-research__field-publink"> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00011">Frontiers of Climate</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-research-type--published-research.html.twig * field--node--field-research-type.html.twig * field--node--published-research.html.twig * field--field-research-type.html.twig * field--list-string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="published-research__field-research-type">Published Research</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-relfocus--published-research.html.twig * field--node--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--node--published-research.html.twig * field--field-relfocus.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="published-research__field-relfocus"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/61" hreflang="en">Environmental Policy</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-when--published-research.html.twig * field--node--field-when.html.twig * field--node--published-research.html.twig * field--field-when.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="published-research__field-when">Dec 04, 2019</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-hidden-people--published-research.html.twig * field--node--field-hidden-people.html.twig * field--node--published-research.html.twig * field--field-hidden-people.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="published-research__field-hidden-people"> <div class="field__item">771</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/radix/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Tue, 19 May 2020 19:33:42 +0000 rbeirne 14871 at https://batten.virginia.edu