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Learn more Working Paper Education Pushing College Advising Forward: Experimental Evidence on Intensive Advising and College Success Authors: Benjamin Castleman, Denise Deutschlander, Gabrielle Lohner Growing experimental evidence demonstrates that low-touch informational, nudge, and virtual advising interventions are ineffective at improving postsecondary educational outcomes for economically-disadvantaged students at scale. Intensive in-person college advising programs are a considerably higher-touch and more resource intensive strategy; some programs provide students with dozen of hours of individualized assistance starting in high school and continuing through college, and can cost thousands of dollars per student served. Learn more Working Paper Education Nudges Don’t Work When the Benefits Are Ambiguous: Evidence from a High-Stakes Education Program Authors: Benjamin Castleman, Francis X. Murphy, Richard W. Patterson, William L. Skimmyhorn The Post-9/11 GI Bill allows service members to transfer generous education benefits to a dependent. We run a large scale experiment that encourages service members to consider the transfer option among a population that includes individuals for whom the transfer benefits are clear and individuals for whom the net-benefits are significantly more ambiguous. We find no impact of a one-time email about benefits transfer among service members for whom we predict considerable ambiguity in the action, but sizeable impacts among service members for whom education benefits transfer is far less ambiguous. Learn more Working Paper Education Negative Impacts From the Shift to Online Learning During the COVID-19 Crisis: Evidence from a Statewide Community College System Authors: Kelli A. Bird, Benjamin Castleman, Gabrielle Lohner The COVID-19 pandemic led to an abrupt shift from in-person to virtual instruction in Spring 2020. Using a difference-in-differences framework that leverages within-course variation on whether students started their Spring 2020 courses in person or online, we estimate the impact of this shift on the academic performance of Virginia’s community college students. We find that the shift to virtual instruction resulted in a 6.7 percentage point decrease in course completion, driven by increases in both course withdrawal and failure. Faculty experience teaching a course online did not mitigate the negative effects of moving to virtual instruction. Learn more Published Research Mobilize for Our Lives? School Shootings and Democratic Accountability in U.S. Elections Authors: John Holbein, Hans J. G. Hassell, Matthew Baldwin Gun violence is a large and growing problem in the United States. Many reformers look towards elections to spur policy change in this area. In this paper, we explore the effects of school shootings on electoral mobilization and election outcomes. Learn more Published Research Disparities in PM2.5 air pollution in the United States Authors: Jay Shimshack, Jonathan Colmer, Ian Hardman, John Voorheis Particulate air pollution in the contiguous United States has decreased considerably over recent decades, but where exactly has that progress been made? Batten's Jay Shimshack and his co-authors dive in. Learn more Published Research Losing public health insurance: TennCare reform and personal financial distress Authors: Sebastian Tello Trillo, Laura M. Argys, Andrew I. Friedson, M. Melinda Pitts Batten Professor Sebastian Tello-Trillo and his co-authors write about how the primary goal of health insurance is smoothing the financial risk associated with health shocks. They estimate the effect of exposure to health-insurance reform on individual-level financial well-being. Learn more Published Research Regional Disparities in Qualified Health Plans’ Prior Authorization Requirements for HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in the United States Authors: Sebastian Tello Trillo, Kathleen A. McManus, Samuel Powers, Amy Killelea, Elizabeth Rogawski McQuade Batten’s Sebastian Tello Trillo and his co-authors answer the question are there regional disparities in prior authorization requirements for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis? Learn more Working Paper Education Who Should Re-enroll in College? The Academic and Labor Market Profile of Adults with Substantial College Credits But No Degree Authors: Kelli A. Bird, Benjamin Castleman, Brett Fischer, Benjamin T. Skinner Tens of millions of Americans have lost their jobs in the wake of the COVID-19 health and economic crisis, and a sizable share of these job losses may be permanent. Unemployment rates are particularly high among adults without a college degree. Recent state policy efforts h Learn more Published Research Defense Technological Innovation: Issues and Challenges in an Era of Converging Technologies Authors: Bharat Rao, Adam Jay Harrison, Bala Mulloth Bala Mulloth and co-authors Bharat Rao and Adam Jay Harrison explore defense technological innovation in this new release in the New Horizons Innovation Management series. Learn more Published Research Emerging Issues in Decentralized Resource Governance: Environmental Federalism, Spillovers, and Linked Socio-Ecological Systems Authors: William Shobe Federalism as an academic discipline studies how multilevel political jurisdictions interact, both vertically and horizontally. Environmental federalism shifts and expands the focus by concentrating on environmental goods, which are related to ecosystem services. This shift necessarily expands the inquiry to include investigation of how ecosystem services respond to changes in resource management by human governance institutions. Learn more Published Research Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in complex humanitarian crises Authors: David Leblang, Danielle N. Poole, Daniel J. Escudero, Lawrence O. Gostin, Elizabeth A. Talbot Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020. Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crises— such as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo— is a global health challenge of increasing scale. The thousands of Yemeni and Congolese who have died in these years-long epidemics demonstrate the difficulty of combatting even well-known pathogens in humanitarian settings. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) may represent a still greater threat to those in complex humanitarian crises, which lack the infrastructure, support, and health systems to mount a comprehensive response. 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Working Paper Education Stacking the Deck for Employment Success: Labor Market Returns to Stackable Credentials Authors: Katharine Meyer, Kelli A. Bird, Benjamin Castleman With rapid technological transformations to the labor market along with COVID-19 related economic disruptions, many working adults return to college to obtain additional training or credentials. Using a comparative individual fixed effects strategy and an administrative panel dataset of enrollment and employment in Virginia, we provide the first causal estimates of credential “stacking” among working adults. Learn more
Working Paper Education Pushing College Advising Forward: Experimental Evidence on Intensive Advising and College Success Authors: Benjamin Castleman, Denise Deutschlander, Gabrielle Lohner Growing experimental evidence demonstrates that low-touch informational, nudge, and virtual advising interventions are ineffective at improving postsecondary educational outcomes for economically-disadvantaged students at scale. Intensive in-person college advising programs are a considerably higher-touch and more resource intensive strategy; some programs provide students with dozen of hours of individualized assistance starting in high school and continuing through college, and can cost thousands of dollars per student served. Learn more
Working Paper Education Nudges Don’t Work When the Benefits Are Ambiguous: Evidence from a High-Stakes Education Program Authors: Benjamin Castleman, Francis X. Murphy, Richard W. Patterson, William L. Skimmyhorn The Post-9/11 GI Bill allows service members to transfer generous education benefits to a dependent. We run a large scale experiment that encourages service members to consider the transfer option among a population that includes individuals for whom the transfer benefits are clear and individuals for whom the net-benefits are significantly more ambiguous. We find no impact of a one-time email about benefits transfer among service members for whom we predict considerable ambiguity in the action, but sizeable impacts among service members for whom education benefits transfer is far less ambiguous. Learn more
Working Paper Education Negative Impacts From the Shift to Online Learning During the COVID-19 Crisis: Evidence from a Statewide Community College System Authors: Kelli A. Bird, Benjamin Castleman, Gabrielle Lohner The COVID-19 pandemic led to an abrupt shift from in-person to virtual instruction in Spring 2020. Using a difference-in-differences framework that leverages within-course variation on whether students started their Spring 2020 courses in person or online, we estimate the impact of this shift on the academic performance of Virginia’s community college students. We find that the shift to virtual instruction resulted in a 6.7 percentage point decrease in course completion, driven by increases in both course withdrawal and failure. Faculty experience teaching a course online did not mitigate the negative effects of moving to virtual instruction. Learn more
Published Research Mobilize for Our Lives? School Shootings and Democratic Accountability in U.S. Elections Authors: John Holbein, Hans J. G. Hassell, Matthew Baldwin Gun violence is a large and growing problem in the United States. Many reformers look towards elections to spur policy change in this area. In this paper, we explore the effects of school shootings on electoral mobilization and election outcomes. Learn more
Published Research Disparities in PM2.5 air pollution in the United States Authors: Jay Shimshack, Jonathan Colmer, Ian Hardman, John Voorheis Particulate air pollution in the contiguous United States has decreased considerably over recent decades, but where exactly has that progress been made? Batten's Jay Shimshack and his co-authors dive in. Learn more
Published Research Losing public health insurance: TennCare reform and personal financial distress Authors: Sebastian Tello Trillo, Laura M. Argys, Andrew I. Friedson, M. Melinda Pitts Batten Professor Sebastian Tello-Trillo and his co-authors write about how the primary goal of health insurance is smoothing the financial risk associated with health shocks. They estimate the effect of exposure to health-insurance reform on individual-level financial well-being. Learn more
Published Research Regional Disparities in Qualified Health Plans’ Prior Authorization Requirements for HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in the United States Authors: Sebastian Tello Trillo, Kathleen A. McManus, Samuel Powers, Amy Killelea, Elizabeth Rogawski McQuade Batten’s Sebastian Tello Trillo and his co-authors answer the question are there regional disparities in prior authorization requirements for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis? Learn more
Working Paper Education Who Should Re-enroll in College? The Academic and Labor Market Profile of Adults with Substantial College Credits But No Degree Authors: Kelli A. Bird, Benjamin Castleman, Brett Fischer, Benjamin T. Skinner Tens of millions of Americans have lost their jobs in the wake of the COVID-19 health and economic crisis, and a sizable share of these job losses may be permanent. Unemployment rates are particularly high among adults without a college degree. Recent state policy efforts h Learn more
Published Research Defense Technological Innovation: Issues and Challenges in an Era of Converging Technologies Authors: Bharat Rao, Adam Jay Harrison, Bala Mulloth Bala Mulloth and co-authors Bharat Rao and Adam Jay Harrison explore defense technological innovation in this new release in the New Horizons Innovation Management series. Learn more
Published Research Emerging Issues in Decentralized Resource Governance: Environmental Federalism, Spillovers, and Linked Socio-Ecological Systems Authors: William Shobe Federalism as an academic discipline studies how multilevel political jurisdictions interact, both vertically and horizontally. Environmental federalism shifts and expands the focus by concentrating on environmental goods, which are related to ecosystem services. This shift necessarily expands the inquiry to include investigation of how ecosystem services respond to changes in resource management by human governance institutions. Learn more
Published Research Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in complex humanitarian crises Authors: David Leblang, Danielle N. Poole, Daniel J. Escudero, Lawrence O. Gostin, Elizabeth A. Talbot Over 168 million people across 50 countries are estimated to need humanitarian assistance in 2020. Response to epidemics in complex humanitarian crises— such as the recent cholera epidemic in Yemen and the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo— is a global health challenge of increasing scale. The thousands of Yemeni and Congolese who have died in these years-long epidemics demonstrate the difficulty of combatting even well-known pathogens in humanitarian settings. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) may represent a still greater threat to those in complex humanitarian crises, which lack the infrastructure, support, and health systems to mount a comprehensive response. Learn more