Faculty & Research Published Research Research Education Economics Social Psychology Health Policy Social Entrepreneurship Environmental Policy Ethics Leadership Racial Justice and Equity National Security Political Science Advocacy Domestic Policy & Politics International and Global Affairs Democracy Social Equity International Development Research and Commentary Facet Area of Focus - Research Christopher J. Ruhm Craig Volden Bala Mulloth Eileen Chou Benjamin Castleman Sarah Turner Edgar O. Olsen Sophie Trawalter Benjamin Converse Christine Mahoney Timothy Wilson Adam Leive James H. Wyckoff William Shobe Charles Holt Daniel W. Player Daphna Bassok Harry Harding Jay Shimshack Jeanine Braithwaite John Pepper Richard Bonnie David Leblang John Holbein Leora Friedberg Molly Lipscomb James Savage Sebastian Tello Trillo Frederick P. Hitz Gabrielle Adams Gerald Warburg Isaac Mbiti Paul S. Martin Philip Potter Raymond C. Scheppach Ruth Gaare Bernheim Andrew S. Pennock Gerald Higginbotham Jazmin Brown-Iannuzzi Jennifer Lawless Kyle S. H. Dobson Michele Claibourn Noah Myung Facet People - Research EdPolicyWorks: Center for Education Policy and Workforce Competitiveness Center for Effective Lawmaking National Security Policy Center UVA Humanitarian Collaborative Facet UVA Partner - Research Published Research Democracy Political Science Civilian national service programs can powerfully increase youth voter turnout Authors: John Holbein, Cecilia Hyunjung Mo , Elizabeth Mitchell Elder Enrolling young people to participate as Teach For America (TFA) teachers has a large positive effect on rates of voter turnout among those young people who participate. This effect is considerably larger than many previous efforts to increase youth voter turnout. After their 2 years of service, these young adults vote at a rate 5.7 to 8.6 percentage points higher than that of similar nonparticipant counterparts. These results suggest that civilian national service programs targeted at young people show great promise in narrowing the enduring participation gap between younger and older citizens in the United States. Learn more Published Research Leadership Unpacking the Black box: How inter- and intra-team forces motivate team rationality Authors: Eileen Chou, Kathy W. Phillips How can we ensure that teams can fulfill their full cognitive potential? This paper explores how team members can be motivated so that, collectively, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Learn more Working Paper Education Waivers for the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program: Who Would Benefit from Takeup? Authors: Sarah Turner, Diego A. Briones, Nathaniel Ruby This research identifies more than $100 billion in loan forgiveness available to as many as 3.5 million borrowers through the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) waiver program. Potential beneficiaries of this initiative are disproportionately employed in occupations like teaching and health care. However, the distribution of potential benefits of the PSLF waiver depends critically on the extent to which those with high income or advanced degrees are differentially likely to take-up benefits conditional on eligibility. Learn more Published Research Health Policy Social Psychology Estimated Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Clinically Significant Anxiety and Depression Among US Adults During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic Authors: Christopher J. Ruhm, Ronald C. Kessler, Victor Puac-Polanco How much did clinically significant anxiety and depression increase among US adults during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic? In this survey study of more than 1.4 million respondents in the US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, responses to a screening question calibrated to a 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire score of 6 or greater suggested that aggregate prevalence of clinically significant anxiety and depression increased only modestly overall among US adults in 2020 compared with 2017 to 2019. Learn more Published Research Political Science The Primary Path for Turning Legislative Effectiveness into Electoral Success Authors: Craig Volden, Sarah Treul, Alan E. Wiseman, Danielle M. Thomsen Effective lawmakers are the workhorses of the US Congress, yet we know little about the electoral payoffs of their efforts. Are effective lawmakers better at warding off challengers in the next election? Do they win at a greater rate? Learn more Published Research Political Science Domestic Policy & Politics 400 million voting records show profound racial and geographic disparities in voter turnout in the United States Authors: John Holbein, Michael Barber This paper documents the extent and nature of inequities in voter participation in the United States with a level of granularity and precision that previous research has not afforded. Learn more Working Paper Education International Development Can Education Be Standardized? Evidence from Kenya Authors: Isaac Mbiti, Guthrie Gray-Lobe, Anthony Keats, Michael Kremer, Owen W. Ozier Isaac Mbiti and co-authors examine the impact of enrolling in schools that employ a highly-standardized approach to education, using random variation from a large nationwide scholarship program. Learn more Working Paper Health Policy The Opioid Crisis, Health, Healthcare, and Crime: A Review Of Quasi-Experimental Economic Studies Authors: Christopher J. Ruhm, Johanna Catherine Maclean, Justine Mallatt, Kosali I. Simon This study reviews quasi-experimental studies that examine the relationship between opioids and health and healthcare, and crime outcomes in the U.S. Learn more Published Research Health Policy Economics Health Insurance Design Meets Saving Incentives: Consumer Responses to Complex Contracts Authors: Adam Leive To lower health care costs, Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) offer tax incentives encouraging people to trade off current consumption against future consumption. This paper tests whether consumers use HSAs as self-insurance over the life cycle. Learn more Working Paper Education Progressivity of Pricing at US Public Universities Authors: Sarah Turner, Emily E. Cook New research describes recent shifts in net tuition by family income and institution type and assesses the role of changes in state funding in generating these shifts. Learn more Published Research Social Psychology The “Equal-Opportunity Jerk” Defense: Rudeness Can Obfuscate Gender Bias Authors: Gabrielle Adams, Peter Belmi, Sora Jun In this research, we identified a barrier that makes sexism hard to recognize: rudeness toward men. We found that observers judge a sexist perpetrator as less sexist if he is rude toward men. Learn more Published Research Social Psychology Gender Differences in Law School Classroom Participation: The Key Role of Social Context Authors: Sophie Trawalter, Molly Bishop Shadel, J.H. Verkerke Even though women make up roughly half of the students enrolled in law school today, they do not take up roughly half of the speaking time in law school classes. We found that women, more than men, report backlash for speaking in class, and this difference affects their willingness to participate in the law school classroom. 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Published Research Democracy Political Science Civilian national service programs can powerfully increase youth voter turnout Authors: John Holbein, Cecilia Hyunjung Mo , Elizabeth Mitchell Elder Enrolling young people to participate as Teach For America (TFA) teachers has a large positive effect on rates of voter turnout among those young people who participate. This effect is considerably larger than many previous efforts to increase youth voter turnout. After their 2 years of service, these young adults vote at a rate 5.7 to 8.6 percentage points higher than that of similar nonparticipant counterparts. These results suggest that civilian national service programs targeted at young people show great promise in narrowing the enduring participation gap between younger and older citizens in the United States. Learn more
Published Research Leadership Unpacking the Black box: How inter- and intra-team forces motivate team rationality Authors: Eileen Chou, Kathy W. Phillips How can we ensure that teams can fulfill their full cognitive potential? This paper explores how team members can be motivated so that, collectively, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Learn more
Working Paper Education Waivers for the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program: Who Would Benefit from Takeup? Authors: Sarah Turner, Diego A. Briones, Nathaniel Ruby This research identifies more than $100 billion in loan forgiveness available to as many as 3.5 million borrowers through the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) waiver program. Potential beneficiaries of this initiative are disproportionately employed in occupations like teaching and health care. However, the distribution of potential benefits of the PSLF waiver depends critically on the extent to which those with high income or advanced degrees are differentially likely to take-up benefits conditional on eligibility. Learn more
Published Research Health Policy Social Psychology Estimated Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Clinically Significant Anxiety and Depression Among US Adults During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic Authors: Christopher J. Ruhm, Ronald C. Kessler, Victor Puac-Polanco How much did clinically significant anxiety and depression increase among US adults during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic? In this survey study of more than 1.4 million respondents in the US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, responses to a screening question calibrated to a 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire score of 6 or greater suggested that aggregate prevalence of clinically significant anxiety and depression increased only modestly overall among US adults in 2020 compared with 2017 to 2019. Learn more
Published Research Political Science The Primary Path for Turning Legislative Effectiveness into Electoral Success Authors: Craig Volden, Sarah Treul, Alan E. Wiseman, Danielle M. Thomsen Effective lawmakers are the workhorses of the US Congress, yet we know little about the electoral payoffs of their efforts. Are effective lawmakers better at warding off challengers in the next election? Do they win at a greater rate? Learn more
Published Research Political Science Domestic Policy & Politics 400 million voting records show profound racial and geographic disparities in voter turnout in the United States Authors: John Holbein, Michael Barber This paper documents the extent and nature of inequities in voter participation in the United States with a level of granularity and precision that previous research has not afforded. Learn more
Working Paper Education International Development Can Education Be Standardized? Evidence from Kenya Authors: Isaac Mbiti, Guthrie Gray-Lobe, Anthony Keats, Michael Kremer, Owen W. Ozier Isaac Mbiti and co-authors examine the impact of enrolling in schools that employ a highly-standardized approach to education, using random variation from a large nationwide scholarship program. Learn more
Working Paper Health Policy The Opioid Crisis, Health, Healthcare, and Crime: A Review Of Quasi-Experimental Economic Studies Authors: Christopher J. Ruhm, Johanna Catherine Maclean, Justine Mallatt, Kosali I. Simon This study reviews quasi-experimental studies that examine the relationship between opioids and health and healthcare, and crime outcomes in the U.S. Learn more
Published Research Health Policy Economics Health Insurance Design Meets Saving Incentives: Consumer Responses to Complex Contracts Authors: Adam Leive To lower health care costs, Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) offer tax incentives encouraging people to trade off current consumption against future consumption. This paper tests whether consumers use HSAs as self-insurance over the life cycle. Learn more
Working Paper Education Progressivity of Pricing at US Public Universities Authors: Sarah Turner, Emily E. Cook New research describes recent shifts in net tuition by family income and institution type and assesses the role of changes in state funding in generating these shifts. Learn more
Published Research Social Psychology The “Equal-Opportunity Jerk” Defense: Rudeness Can Obfuscate Gender Bias Authors: Gabrielle Adams, Peter Belmi, Sora Jun In this research, we identified a barrier that makes sexism hard to recognize: rudeness toward men. We found that observers judge a sexist perpetrator as less sexist if he is rude toward men. Learn more
Published Research Social Psychology Gender Differences in Law School Classroom Participation: The Key Role of Social Context Authors: Sophie Trawalter, Molly Bishop Shadel, J.H. Verkerke Even though women make up roughly half of the students enrolled in law school today, they do not take up roughly half of the speaking time in law school classes. We found that women, more than men, report backlash for speaking in class, and this difference affects their willingness to participate in the law school classroom. Learn more